Yintoni ii-supercapacitor 

IiSupercapacitors zahlulwe zaba zii-capacitors zombane eziphindwe kabini kunye neepseudocapacitors ezivela kwindlela yokugcina amandla. Luhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo sokugcina amandla, esineempawu zobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, ixesha elifutshane lokutshaja, ubomi obude benkonzo, iimpawu zobushushu ezilungileyo, ukonga amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo okuluhlaza. IiSupercapacitors zinokuguquguquka.

Ngaba ii-supercapacitors zingaba ziibhetri?

Ii-Supercapacitors zinokuthatha indawo yeebhetri, nto leyo ekwayindlela eza kusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo.

IiSupercapacitors, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-capacitors ezineengqimba ezimbini, ii-electrochemical capacitors, ii-gold capacitors, kunye neeFarrah capacitors, zigcina amandla ngokudibanisa ii-electrolytes. Yinto ye-electrochemical, kodwa kwinkqubo yayo yokugcina amandla ayenzeki i-chemical reaction, le nkqubo yokugcina amandla iyajikwa, kodwa kuba le supercapacitor inokutshajwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ikhutshwe ngamakhulu amawaka amaxesha. IiSupercapacitors zinokuthathwa njengeepleyiti ezimbini ze-electrode ezingenayo i-reactive ezixhonywe kwi-electrolyte, zitshajwe kwipleyiti, ipleyiti elungileyo itsala ii-ions ezingalunganga kwi-electrolyte, ipleyiti engalunganga itsala ii-ions ezilungileyo, eneneni zenza iileya ezimbini zokugcina ii-capacitive, ii-ions ezilungileyo zahlulwe kufutshane nepleyiti engalunganga, kwaye ii-ions ezingalunganga zikufutshane nepleyiti engalunganga.

I-Supercapacitor luhlobo olutsha lwe-capacitor olusekelwe kwithiyori ye-interfacial double layer ecetyiswe yingcali yefiziksi yaseJamani uHelmholtz. Njengoko sonke sisazi, umphezulu we-electrode yesinyithi efakwe kwisisombululo se-electrolyte uya kubonakala kumacala omabini omphezulu wolwelo kunye neempawu ezichaseneyo ze-excess charge, ukuze kubekho umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwezigaba. Emva koko, ukuba ii-electrode ezimbini zifakwe kwi-electrolyte ngaxeshanye, kwaye i-voltage engaphantsi kwe-decomposition voltage yesisombululo se-electrolyte isetyenziswa phakathi kwazo, ke ii-ions ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kwi-electrolyte ziya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza ziye kwiipali eziphantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane, kwaye ngokulandelelana zenze umaleko we-tight charge kumphezulu wee-electrode ezimbini eziphezulu, oko kukuthi, umaleko wombane ophindwe kabini.

Umaleko wombane ophindwe kabini owenziwe yiyo ufana nomtshayelo ojikelezileyo oveliswa yi-dielectric kwi-capacitor yendabuko phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane, nto leyo ebangela isiphumo se-capacitance. Umaleko wombane ophindwe kabini oxineneyo ufana ne-flat capacitor, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isithuba se-tight charge layer sincinci kakhulu kunomgama ophakathi kwe-charge layers ye-capacitor eqhelekileyo, inomthamo omkhulu kune-capacitor eqhelekileyo.

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-capacitor ye-double-layer kukhulu kunokwe-aluminium electrolytic capacitor, ngoko ke inokutshajwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokumelana nomthwalo. Ukuba kukho i-overvoltage charge, i-double-layer capacitor iya kuvula isekethe ngaphandle kokonakalisa isixhobo, esahlukileyo kwi-overvoltage breakdown ye-aluminium electrolytic capacitor. Kwangaxeshanye, xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri etshajwayo, i-double electric layer capacitor inokutshajwa ngaphandle komda, kwaye inani lokutshaja linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-10^6 amaxesha, ngoko ke i-double electric layer capacitor ayinazo nje kuphela iimpawu ze-capacitor, kodwa ikwanazo neempawu zebhetri, kwaye yinxalenye entsha ekhethekileyo phakathi kwebhetri kunye ne-capacitor.